Timeline of the global movement 1994-2001by - 30.11.2004 22:09 The Restless Margins: Some key moments of the global movement 1994-2001
1994
1 January, Indigenous Zapatista rebels in the state of Chiapas in Southeastern Mexico rise up crying “Ya Basta!” (Enough!), on the same day that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) comes into effect. NAFTA outlaws the indigenous system of collective land ownership. Civil society has also had “Enough!” of neoliberal policies, and sets up the 50 Years is Enough campaign - a coalition of groups from North and South against the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) formed to mark the 50th anniversary of the global financial institutions that were set up at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944. 1995 1 January: the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) becomes the World Trade Organization (WTO). Organizations such as Third World Network, Focus on the Global South and others work to alert the world to the extraordinary legislative, executive and judicial powers of the new world-trade body. 1996 July - August: The Zapatistas organize the first Intercontinental Encuentro (encounter) for Humanity and Against Neoliberalism. Thousands from around the world attend the seminars in the town of La Realidad in Chiapas, Southern Mexico, as social movements from the five continents identify a common struggle. 1996 November: Unprecedented mass mobilizations against free trade occur throughout the Philippines during the Asia Pacific Economic Community (APEC) free-trade summit. Protesters include 130,000 Filipino workers. 1997 February: A leaked copy of the draft Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) text is posted on US campaign group Public Citizen's homepage, sparking an unprecedented world-wide campaign. "If a negotiator says something to someone over a glass of wine, we'll have it on the Internet within an hour, all over the world," they say. 26 July - 3 August: Over 3,000 people gather in Spain for the Zapatista-initiated Second Encuentro for Humanity and Against Neoliberalism to continue the first Encuentro's work by building networks of resistance and communication to link struggles around the globe. Activists decide to target the 50 years of GATT meeting in Geneva in May 1998. 8 September: An international day of action for sacked Liverpool dockers fighting casualization - dockers take action in 21 countries, from South Africa to Australia. Every port on the West Coast of North America, from Mexico to Alaska, is shut down. 1997 Financial crisis hits Southeast Asia: IMF restructuring leads to protests across the region. Korean businessmen hold up signs saying: "I aM Fired." Social movements, from Indonesia to Thailand, link the crisis to economic globalization and the flight of transnational capital. 25 November: Students repressed with teargas and imprisonment at anti-APEC protest, Vancouver, Canada, radicalizing a swathe of the student population there. 1998 February: The network of the People's Global Action - against free trade and the WTO - is born at a meeting in Geneva. Teachers against privatization in Argentina, European road protesters, U'wa from Colombia, Indian farm leaders, create a globally networked platform against free trade. 5 May: 70,000 Jubilee 2000 protesters ring the G8 summit in Birmingham, Britain to demand debt cancellation. The first "Global Street Party" is held in 30 countries around the world. 1998 May: In Geneva 10,000 people take part in the first-ever street protests at the WTO headquarters. China Daily reports: "It was planned as a grand birthday celebration to mark the 50th year of the free-trade system. But the second ministerial conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) held in Geneva recently will instead be remembered as a turning point in the rush towards globalization." This is matched by protests around the world; in Brazil 40,000 landless and homeless people march to the capital, Brasilia, taking part in land occupations and camping outside supermarkets; fisherfolk march in Manila; hundreds of thousands of peasants, agricultural labourers, tribal people and industrial workers from all regions of India take to the streets of Hyderabad to reject neoliberal policies and demand the immediate withdrawal of India from the WTO, against a growing wave of peasant suicides. On 27 May Korean unions hold a general strike and rail against the "global rule of capital" - protest targets include the IMF and MAI; the Hikoi Maori in Aotearoa/New Zealand walk 600 miles to protest against the MAI. 1998 November: Paris - a ragtag band of 500 international activists defeats the MAI, sending a wakeup call to business élites. The Financial Times complains that it is now "harder for negotiators to do deals behind closed doors and submit them for rubber-stamping by parliaments", and warns of the dangers of the "sandal wearing hordes". The RAND Institute - a strategic defence think tank - has long been watching the Zapatistas' use of the Internet to spread information, and coins the phrase "netwar". Now it sees the same tactics employed to defeat the MAI. The victory gives the NGOs a taste of blood, and leaves a global network of connected campaigners primed for the next battle - against the launching of a new trade round at the WTO in Seattle 1999. 1999 18 June: A global day of action for the G8 summit in Cologne, where debt protesters surround the summit. In Britain 10,000 protesters occupy the City of London in a "Carnival Against Capital". On the same day 50 stock exchanges around the world, from Tel Aviv to Mexico, are also targeted. Most dramatically, for the first time the Ijaw, the Ogoni, and other indigenous groups from Nigeria work together to welcome back Ken Saro Wiwa's brother from exile and hold a "carnival of the oppressed", occupying the Shell buildings for most of the day. 450 Indian farmers go on a month-long protest tour around Europe. In France they destroy a GM test site with French farmers, including José Bové. 1999 November: Activists disrupt the WTO meeting in Seattle. Coupled with a rebellion from the developing countries, the WTO fails to land a new round of liberalization. This is a historic defeat for corporate rule and the global trade regime. A huge number of international solidarity actions takes place. An anti-WTO bullock cart rally is held by youth activists in the Narmada Valley in India. Their slogan is: "The youth of Narmada has awakened - the WTO will flee!" 75,000 people in 80 different cities in France take to the streets in protest at the WTO; French farmers gather their sheep, ducks and goats under the Eiffel Tower; thousands breach the security area of the ASEAN free trade summit in Manila, the Philippines, denouncing ASEAN and the WTO. 2000 January: The World Economic Forum goes under siege in Davos, Switzerland. The first international treaty explicitly addressing both environment and trade negotiated since the establishment of the WTO, the Biosafety Protocol regulating international trade in Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) is signed in Montreal by governments reeling in the aftermath of Seattle. February: The culmination of the Ecuadorian indigenous uprising against IMF dollarization of the economy; President overthrown. Thai activists protest against globalization at United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) meeting, Bangkok. 2000 April: Protests against pricing of water in Cochabamba, Bolivia under World Bank-imposed privatization. Thirty thousand converge on Washington DC on 16 April to protest against the World Bank/IMF annual meeting. May: The Asian Development Bank meeting is blockaded by farmers, students, and NGOs opposed to its anti-poor policies in Chiang Mai, Thailand. September: Protests in Melbourne, Australia against the World Economic Forum meeting and in Prague, Czech Republic against the World Bank and IMF draw thousands onto the streets. 2000 September: Nearly six million Brazilians vote to end IMF-imposed reforms of their economy in a self-organized referendum. "Cry of the Excluded" marches take place simultaneously in Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Argentina, Mexico, Honduras, Paraguay. 2000 13 - 30 November: Asian grassroots farmers' groups participate in the "People's Caravan for Land and Food Without Poisons" which traverses India, Bangladesh and the Philippines to raise awareness of corporate control of the food chain, GM crops, and issues of food security. December: 90,000 trade unionists take to the streets of Nice, France, against the European Union expansion of free-trade negotiating rights. 2001 January: Thousands of activists converge on the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre for an alternative gathering to the World Economic Forum taking place in Davos, Switzerland. They declare: "Another world is possible." February - March: Zapatistas travel across 13 states in Mexico, entering Congress to demand the constitutional recognition of indigenous rights. March: South Africans take to the streets to protest against the pharmaceutical companies' patents on essential AIDS medicines. 20 October: 20,000 militant workers and students erupt onto the streets of Seoul, South Korea chanting "we oppose neoliberalism and globalization" during the Asia-Europe (ASEM) summit. 2001 17 April: The world-wide peasant union Via Campesina marks International Farmers' Day in memory of the massacre of MST members on 17 April 1996 (see article above). The MST mobilize across Brazil, linking their actions to the anti-FTAA protests in Quebec. The Federation of Indonesian Peasant Unions protests against GM seed and patented seed outside Monsanto headquarters in Jarkarta. In Uruguay, a coalition of environmental NGOs and farmers' groups performs street theatre about the corporate control of agriculture and gives away local seeds outside McDonalds. In total, actions occur in 19 countries. 2001 20 April: 50,000 protest the Free Trade Area of the Americas agreement in Quebec City, Canada. Solidarity protests occur across the Americas, from Buenos Aires to Brazil. May: Asian Development Bank, relocating from its original meeting place of Seattle for fear of protest, finds itself greeted by citizens groups taking to the streets of Honolulu, Hawaii. June-July: Europe's "summer of resistance". In Gothenburg, Barcelona, Salzburg and Genoa for the G8, thousands take part in street protests at every major trade, business and state meeting. The repression reaches new levels of brutality in Western Europe. Source: http://www.weareeverywhere.org
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Timeline 1994-1997 source: we are everywhere
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